The upcoming missions of ISRO 2021

ISRO – Indian Space Research Organisation:

The Indian space agency was founded in 1969 to develop an independent Indian space program. The headquarters of ISRO is located in Bangalore. The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) operates through a state network of centers. The sensors and payloads are developed at the Space Applications Centre in Ahmedabad. In this article, we will be explaining to you the upcoming missions of the ISRO from 2021.

The vehicle’s launch is developed at the Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre in Thiruvananthapuram; the rocket launches happen at the Satish Dhawan Space Centre on Sriharikota Island, near Chennai. The geostationary satellite station-keeping for Master Control Facilities are located at Hassan and Bhopal. The commercial arm of ISRO is Antrix Corporation, which has its headquarters in Bangalore.

ISRO’s first satellite was launched by Aryabhata, the Soviet Union, on 19 April 1975. Thus, the orbiting satellite has to be placed by an Indian-made vehicle (the Satellite Launch Vehicle 3), which was launched on 18 July 1980 by Rohini.

Gaganyaan – Human spaceflight:

The organization is quite capable of completing Gaganyaan by the scheduled deadline of 2021 told by Sivan. ISRO has already tasked the Indian Air Force with selecting 10 crewmembers (astronauts) for the country’s first human spaceflight program. 

The space research organization inaugurated the Human Space Flight Center at the agency’s headquarters in Bengaluru on January 30. ISRO is ready to conduct two uncrewed missions towards the end of 2020 and the middle of 2021, respectively. It is due to avoid the risk of endangering human lives before Gaganyaan’s official launch. ISRO, largely autonomous, has a 3.7-tonne capsule that will orbit the Earth at 400 km altitude for up to seven days with a three-person crew on board.

What is Nisar’s mission?

The change of ecosystems in earth’s measures, dynamic surfaces, and ice masses providing information about biomass, natural hazards, sea-level rise, and groundwater will be measured in NISAR’s Mission. It also supports a host of other applications.

Launch of ISRO-NASA satellite NISAR:

The satellite launch of an ISRO-NASA NISAR is scheduled to be launched by 2022.

The discussions on potential space defense cooperation areas have two sides also expressed the intent to continue the India-US Space Dialogue.

Current situation of Nisaar:

The decision to share space situational awareness information countries during the meet. It’s catalyzing efforts to create a safe and sustainable space environment of a joint statement issued after the dialogue read that the NASA-ISRO Synthetic Aperture Radar called the NISAR launched.

The Importance of Nisar:

Measuring the subtle changes of the Earth’s surface associated with the crust and ice surfaces’ motions is optimized in NISAR’s mission. NISAR will improve our understanding of climate change’s critical impacts and advance our knowledge of natural hazards. NISAR is one of the important upcoming missions of ISRO as well as NASA from 2021.

Reusable mission – Upcoming mission of ISRO from 2021:

To benefit humankind and its development, India’s remote sensing program was developed to apply space technologies. The development of three principal capabilities involving the programs:

The satellites launch designs, built to a sun-synchronous orbit.

Establishing and operating ground stations for spacecraft control, data transfer, and data processing and archival.

To obtain the data for various applications used on the ground and to achieve low cost, reliable, and on-demand space access, a reusable launch vehicle is a unanimous solution.

To evaluate various technologies, namely, hypersonic flight, autonomous landing, powered cruise flight, and hypersonic flight using air-breathing propulsion has been configured by Winged Reusable Launch Vehicle Technology Demonstrator (RLV-TD) to act as a flying testbed.

A series of experimental flights of technologies will be developed in phases. The hypersonic flight experiment (HEX) is the series of the first experimental flight, followed by the landing experiment (LEX), return flight experiment (REX), and scramjet propulsion experiment (SPEX). 

List of the IRS:

The data are used for various resource surveys and Indian Remote Sensing satellites under the National Natural Resources Management System (NNRMS). The list has the following applications:

• Space-Based Inputs for Decentralized Planning (SIS-DP)
• National Urban Information System (NUIS).
• ISRO Disaster Management Support Programme (ISRO-DMSP).
• To estimate the pre-harvest crop areas and production of major crops.
• Drought monitoring and assessment based on vegetation condition.
• Flood risk zone mapping and flood damage assessment.
• The underground water resources for drilling well of Hydro-geomorphological maps used for locating.
• Irrigation command area status monitoring.
• To estimates Snow-melt run-off for planning water use in downstream projects.
• Land use and land cover mapping.

Shukrayaan-1:

Shukrayaan-1 is an orbiter to Venus by the ISRO (Indian Space Research Organization) to study the surface and atmosphere of Venus. Depending on its final configuration, the orbiter would have a science payload capability of approximately 100 kilograms with 500 W available power. The orbit is expected to propose around 500 x 60,000 km around Venus. Thus, the orbit is likely to be reduced gradually, over several months, to a lower apoapsis (farthest point). The satellite is planned to be launched onboard the GSLV Mk II rocket.

Importance of Shukrayaan-1:

The Earth in the name of “twin sister” is often described as Venus because of the similarities in size, mass, density, bulk composition, and gravity.

Both the planets share a common origin, forming at the same time out of a condensing nebulosity around 4.5 billion years ago that it is believed, ISRO had noted in its announcement of opportunity.

Current situation of Shukrayaan-1:

The space agency included these “collaborative contributions” from Russia, France, Sweden, and Germany, including Bengaluru headquarters. The country’s first mission to Venus ISRO was earlier eyeing June 2023. Thus, the officials of ISRO said that “we are currently reviewing this mission timeline due to delays arising from the pandemic situation.”

Mangalyaan-2:

The second interplanetary mission planned for launch to Mars is named Mars Orbiter Mission 2 (MOM 2), also called Mangalyaan 2. 

The VSSC director has indicated the possibility of including a lander and rover, and still, it was a recorded interview in October 2019. 

The Space Satellite Systems and Payloads Centre (SSPACE) is being developed by part of the Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology (IIST). The completed engineering model and the high vacuum has been tested.

Importance of Mangalyaan-2:

A greater scientific payload to Mars in 2024, with the ISRO, plans to develop and launch the follow-up mission called Mars Orbiter Mission 2 (MOM-2 or Mangalyaan-2). To reach an altitude more suitable for scientific observation, the orbiter will use aerobraking to reduce its initial orbit’s apoapsis.

Current situation of Mangalyaan-2:

The mission Mangalyaan-2 (also called Mars Orbiter Mission) into Martian orbit with the successful insertion, ISRO announced its intent to launch a second mission to Mars at the Engineers Conclave conference Bengaluru on 28 October 2014.

SSLV (Small Satellite Launch Vehicle):

The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) developed the small-lift vehicle launch with a payload capacity to deliver 500 kg from earth-low orbit up to the Sun-synchronous orbit for launching small satellites, and the capability to support multiple orbital drop-offs. The completed vehicle’s design is on 21 December 2018, the Vikram Sarabhai Space Center (VSSC) at Thumba.

The SSLV developed by the space agency will have its maiden flight in July. It is minimal, weighing just 110 tonnes, and will take a maximum of 72 hours for assembling, as against the 70 days assembling that larger vehicles require. To assemble the vehicle, we require six people as against the hundreds required for traditional vehicles. The cost is low at Rs 30 crore against the Rs 400 crore of traditional launch costs. It is usually being developed for transporting small and private satellites. They are expected to give a big boost to ISRO’s commercial arm.

The powered rocket has a 34-meter with three-stage entirely by solid fuel. It’s been two-and-half years in the making – from the drawing board to the launch pad. The multiple satellites launching is capable of different orbits.

Importance of SSLV:

It makes sense for ISRO to rely on SSLV as a major source of revenue. But still, Falcon 1 tried it a decade ago and failed. Thus, the market has changed in a decade, but still, there are other launchers like Electron and quite a lot of others (Chinese, Vector Launch, for example) set to launch in a year or two. To provide opportunities for all of them, I doubt the market has expanded enough. This mission is the most important one under the list of upcoming missions of ISRO from 2021, as it brings a notable name to Indians.

Current situation of SSLV:

The proposals range from permissions for ground stations, establishing satellite constellations to making and launching satellites, launch vehicles, and providing applications before IN-SPACE (Indian National Space Promotion and Authorisation Centre).

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Aditya L1 mission:

The Aditya-L1 mission will be inserted in a halo orbit around the L1 point about 1.5 million km from Earth. Aditya-L1 will be able to provide observations of the Sun’s photosphere, chromosphere, and corona. 

The mission has since been expanded. To be a comprehensive solar and space environment observatory to be placed at the Lagrangian point L1 is now planned, the mission was renamed “Aditya-L1”. 

The project is approved, and the satellite will be launched during the 2019 – 2020 timeframe by PSLV-XL from Sriharikota.

Importance of Aditya L1 mission:

Aditya was conceptualized in January 2008 by the Advisory Committee for Space Research. To study the solar corona, it was initially envisaged as a small 400 kg, low-Earth orbiting satellite with a coronagraph. 

The mission as a 400kg class satellite carrying one payload, the Visible Emission Line Coronagraph (VELC), was planned to launch Aditya-L1 in an 800 km low earth orbit.

Current situation of Aditya L1 mission:

The spacecraft mission of Aditya-L1 is a study of the Sun. It has been designed and built to collaborate between the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) and various Indian research institutes. It is India’s first solar mission and planned to be launched in January 2022

Chandrayaan-3:

The project director of Chandrayaan-3 is P Veeramuthuvel. The third mission to the moon is the Chandrayaan-3. Chandrayaan-3 will have a lander, rover, and propulsion module, given that the Chandrayaan-2 orbiter is fully functional. The government has approved the project, and we have formed a project team.

The paper presented by Veeramuthuvel on an effective method of controlling vibrations in the electronic package of spacecraft was tested at UR Rao Satellite Centre in Bengaluru according to ISRO officials in 2016.

To touchdown on the lunar surface in September 2019 to deploy the Pragyan rover to be scheduled the lander. The launch of Chandrayaan-3 is nearly ₹600-crore targeted for the end of this year or early 2021.

Importance of Chandrayaan-3:

The additional importance to the success of Chandrayaan 3 holds after the Vikram lander from Chandrayaan 2 failed to achieve the soft landing as intended in September 2019. 

The repeated mission of Chandrayaan-2 is Chandrayaan-3, but it includes a lander and rover similar to Chandrayaan-2. It will not have an orbiter.

After the first attempt of Chandrayaan 2, the ISRO will now design Chandrayaan 3 on the second lunar mission lines and include precautionary measures based on the data received in its last minutes from Vikram Lander, has announced earlier by Sivan. As the previous lunar mission is not a success, this Chandrayaan-3 is a most waiting mission from the upcoming missions of ISRO from 2021.

Current situation of Chandrayaan-3:

The launch of Chandrayaan-3 has been delayed due to the Covid-19 pandemic, and it will be launched early next year instead of the second half of 2020. Union Minister Jitendra Singh revealed that the mission to Moon would not include an orbiter like the Chandrayaan-2. 

Conclusion:

We have seen about the upcoming missions of ISRO from 2021, with its importance and its current situation. We wish ISRO all the best for their missions to be launched on time and to finish with what they have expected.