Find stars in the sky – All about stars

Stars are giant, luminous plasma present in the galaxy.  While the Sun is a star, is solitary, most of the stars are a couple where two stars orbit each other, or in multiples involving more companions. Here, one-third of stars like our Sun are single, while two-thirds are multiples. Let us find stars in the sky and recognize them with the help of this article.

STARGAZING WHAT IS IT ?

I’m looking at the stars in the sky”  That’s Stargazing, to keep it simple.  According to one of the web dictionaries, it is ‘the act or practice of looking at or studying the stars.’  Are you feeling bored? or are you at the height of a busy life?  Take some time to look at the sky, especially at night.  Those countless distant sparkles will keep you startled. So starts to find the stars in sky and enjoy feeling it. Would you not be interested to know the name of the Star, their position, movements by season?  Keep reading further.

STARS – HOW ARE THEY NAMED

Unless your gift with superpowers, you can roughly see 10,000 stars with your naked eye, and the International has given only a few hundred proper names.

Astronomical Union (IAU).  In general, astronomy group stars into constellations or asterisms and give proper names to those but not to each of the stars within them.  Here are a few to name,  Aldebaran, Alphard,  Antares, Avior, Canopus, Procyon, Regulus, Sirius, Vega.  Each of these has a meaning behind in different languages, from English, Mandarin to Urdu.  IAU gets the star naming approvals from its Working Group on Star Names. You can find stars in the sky and found its names using the top 10 stargazing apps for android in your mobile.

CHARACTERISTICS OF STARS

BRIGHTNESS

The Star’s brightness defines its luminosity and the rate at which it emits energy & its magnitude, the size.   The magnitude scale measures to >6 and <1, even in negative numbers — the shining Star in the night sky is Sirius, and with a -1.46.  Here’s where you can relate the magnitude to the luminescence – A star with an entire volume of 1 is 100 times as luminous as a star with an absolute magnitude of 6.

COLOUR

Here, Stars come in a range of colors, from reddish to yellowish to blue. The color of a star depends on its surface temperature.

SURFACE TEMPERATURE

The surface temperate is dependant on the Star’s mass and measured in kelvin. Here, the dark red Star has a surface temperature of about 2,500 K, and a bright red star is about 3,500 K, another yellow star, about 5,500 K, a blue star, roughly 10,000 K to 50,000 K.

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CLASSIFICATION OF STARS

BY SPECTRUM

Apart from being identified as solo/ couple, Stars are classifying by their spectrum in the MorganKeenan (MK) system. Therefore, there are eight spectral classes, each analogous to a range of surface temperatures — from the hottest to the coldest – O, B, A, F, G, K, M, and L. Each spectral class consists of 10 spectral types, ranging from the numeral 0  – 9, where 0 is the hottest and nine being the coldest.

BY LUMINOSITY

Also, Stars are classifying by their luminosity under the Morgan-Keenan system.  Here, the most prominent/ brightest stars are numbered in lower while the dimmer ones in higher in Roman numerals — Ia, bright supergiant; Ib, a supergiant; II, a bright giant; III, a giant; IV, a subgiant; and V is a main sequence or dwarf.  A complete MK nomenclature includes both spectral and luminosity categories.

PHOTOSPHERE CHROMOSPHERE & CORONA

Beyond these zones is called the photosphere, where the part radiates visible light, which sees the Star’s surface.  Then comes the chromosphere, which looks reddish due to the hydrogen presence here. Therefore, the outermost part of a star’s “atmosphere” is called the Corona.  This zone will be associated with the convection in outer layers when super-hot.

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POSITION WILL IT BE CONSTANT ?

If we note down the location of stars this month, it’s sure that you will not see them in the exact location when you check next month. Stars gradually change positions each night.  When the Earth rotates, the moon, stars move across the sky like how the Sun does during the day. Thus, the Earth will revolve around the Sun, causing different galaxy parts to appear during different positions of its orbit.  So, suppose we keep gazing each night of the year. In that case, we can see all-stars that are observable from our location on the planet – exceptions being cloudy/ rainy days that deteriorate the visibility. So when you find stars in the sky next time remember its position and check there after a month.

CONSTELLATIONS KEEP MOVING

Stars seen at night belong to the Milky Way galaxy.  While, Sun, the big Star, rotates around the center of the universe, other stars in the galaxy follow their orbits. This celestial motion causes constellations to change their shapes over time.  As the rise & set of Stars happens four minutes each night, the rise & set of constellations happen two hours earlier each month. Also, the movement is shifted by 90 degrees each season and gets back to the same position in a year. 

STRUCTURE OF STARS

The structure of a star can compare to a series of thin nested shells.  During most of its phases, a main-sequence star consists of a core, radiative and convective zones, a photosphere, a chromosphere, and a corona. Therefore, the core is where all the nuclear fusion happens, producing the power. In the radiative zone, energy is transmitted outward by the spread of radiation, while in the convective zone, point transmits by the hot gases in a linear gush. Try to find stars in the sky and try to recognize its structure then.

Massive stars with a mass higher than that of the Sun are convective in their cores and radiative in their outer layers. In contrast, stars equivalent to the Sun or lesser mass are the other way – radiative in their souls and convective in their outer layers. Here, Intermediate-mass stars of spectral type A may be completely radiative.

BINARY STARS – THE SPECIAL STAR

Binary stars form when two protostars are born close to each other. Thus, one of the members of this pair can influence the other if they are close enough, stripping away matter, called mass transfer.  If one of them is a giant star that leaves behind a neutron star or a black hole, it can result in an X-ray binary, where matter pulled from the left companion can get very hot — more than 1 million F and emit X-rays. 

Here, gas removed from a companion onto the white dwarf’s surface can fuse violently in a flash called a nova if a binary includes a white dwarf. At times, gas builds up for the dwarf to collapse, leading its carbon to connect suddenly and the dwarf to bang in a Type I supernova – this can outshine a galaxy for a few months.

WHICH STAR CAN YOU SEE THIS MONTH?

Though a particular constellation can watch in a specific month in the evening, the same constellation can’t be visible from every location on Earth. The position of constellations, whether southern/northern, decides from where they can watch.  

While there are several sky map references available, you can locate these Star constellations in the respective northern & southern latitudes in the upcoming months. Check the notes below to find the stars in the night sky and enjoy your night.

April:

May:

June:

July:

August:

September:

October:

November:

December:

CONCLUSION:

We have seen all the details of stars in very depth. Hopefully you have enjoyed and gain knowledge with our article. So why waiting starts to find stars in the sky and explore more about the stars.